What screening for which disease?

Situations concerned

You can be tested for HIV at any time, including:

• You're afraid you've taken a risk
• In a stable relationship, you want to be sure that you are not infected and that you can give up using condoms
• In case of change of partner and multi-partnership
• You are planning to become pregnant or have an abortion
• You are using or have used intravenous drugs
• You are seropositive for HBV (hepatitis B) or HCV (hepatitis C)
• You have or have just had a sexually transmitted infection (STI)
• In case of rape

Screening testing is routine for the following:

• Blood donation
• Semen donation
• Organ donation
• Breast milk donation
• Blood transfusion
• Pregnancy

How and where to get tested?

If you want to test alone at home, you can go to a pharmacy to buy an HIV self-test for an amount between €10 and €28. It is not reimbursed by the Health Insurance.

The screening test can be done from the 21st or even day 15 depending on the situation at risk. It can be positive at this time. But a negative test is completely reliable 3 months after risk-taking.

So waiting 3 months to get tested is risking losing the benefit of early treatment.

A test can therefore be positive as early as 21 or even 15 days, but a negative test is reliable at 3 months. So in the case of a negative test at 21 days, we cannot say that we are not infected, we have to do the screening again.

The self-test must be run correctly. You should read the package leaflet carefully before starting the test to limit the possibility of errors.

Sida Info Service uploads videos of the presentation of these self-tests.

If the result is positive

A confirmatory laboratory test using a blood test is needed to confirm the diagnosis.

If the result is negative

You can be reassured if the last risk-taking was 3 months or more old.

Otherwise, retest with a self-test, Trod, or laboratory test.

When to get tested?

Screening is recommended if you have any of the following conditions:

• You live with someone who has chronic hepatitis B
• You are taking risks during sexual intercourse (multipartner) or you have had a partner with HBV infection
• You come from or have stayed in a country with a strong endemic (Africa, South-East Asia)
• You are using or have used intravenous or intranasal drugs
• You have a work activity at risk (in direct contact with patients or with body fluids)
• You made a tattoo or a piercing with questionable hygiene rules
• You have a medical situation at risk (transfusions, dialysis, organ transplants...)
• You should receive monoclonal antibody therapy
• You are or have been in prison, in a psychiatric institution
• You are HIV positive or HCV (hepatitis C) positive
• You have or have just had a sexually transmitted infection (STI)
• You're pregnant

Screening method

Screening for hepatitis B is done with a simple blood test, on medical prescription. You don't have to be on an empty stomach.

Screening can also be done using a Trod. The Trod shall bear the CE marking. It is carried out on blood with all its constituents, serum and plasma, using a reagent which detects infection.

Those affected by the Trod include:

• Originating in high and medium endemic areas

• Those who use or have used psychoactive substances

• Already infected with HIV or HCV and not under medical supervision

• Detained or detained

• In prostitution

• In a precarious situation

• Multi-partner (at least 2 partners per year)

• Far from the treatments

If positive test :

The person concerned is systematically referred, or even accompanied if necessary, to a professional or a structure for carrying out a biological diagnosis.

In case of negative test :

The person being tested is informed of the need to interpret this result with caution and of the possibility of making a biological diagnosis, especially in case of a recent risk of transmission.

Where to get tested?

In a public or private medical testing laboratory, on prescription of the doctor.

Testing can also be done anonymously and free of charge at an anonymous free testing center (ADC). It can also be done in a center for information, screening and diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections (Ciddist), of which hepatitis B is a part.

The list of CDAGs is not circulated. You can consult at an AIDS screening center.

You can also get closer to Hepatitis info service.

What establishments or structures to carry out the Trod?

If they are authorized to practice Trods, you can go to one of the following establishments free of charge:

• Associative structures involved in the prevention of health or the reduction of risks and harm associated with the consumption of psychoactive substances

• Centers for care, support and prevention in addictology (CSAPA)

• Reception and support centers for the reduction of risks for drug users (CAARUD)

• Therapeutic Coordination Apartments (ACT)

• Health care beds

• Nursing beds

• Family Planning or Education Centers (FPEC)

• Family information, consultation or counseling establishments (EICCF)

Who should get tested?

You should be tested for hepatitis C if before 1992 you had any of the following:

• You have undergone major surgery (cardiac, vascular, cerebral, digestive, pulmonary, gynecobstetric, spinal, hip or knee prosthesis...)

• You had a resuscitation trip

• You had a difficult delivery

• You had a bleeding digestive tract

• You have had care at birth, in neonatology or in pediatrics (very premature, serious neonatal disease, exchange transfusion)

• You have had a tissue, cell or organ transplant

• You have had a blood transfusion

You should also be tested for HCV if you have any of the following:

• You are on haemodialysis

• You have used, even once in your life and even a long time ago, an intravenous or pernasal drug (with the use of a straw)

• You are a child born to an HCV carrier

• You are a sexual partner of people with hepatitis C

• You are a man who has had sex with men

• You are a family member of someone with hepatitis C

• You are incarcerated or have been incarcerated (due to sharing of sharp objects, addictive practices)

• You have or have had a tattoo, piercing, mesotherapy or acupuncture, without the use of personal or single use equipment

• You have received care or have spent several years in countries with a high prevalence of HCV (Southeast Asia, Middle East, Africa, South America)

• Your blood level of alanine transferase (ALT) is abnormally high and has no known cause

• You are HIV positive or HBV (hepatitis B) positive

• You are a healthcare professional and have been accidentally exposed to blood

How do I get tested?

Why get tested?

STIs are very easily transmitted and there are not always visible signs.

Screening tells you whether you are infected or not. Once a diagnosis is made, measures to prevent transmission are needed. Early treatment is instituted when possible.

Where and how to get tested?

Your general practitioner or gynecologist may advise you and prescribe a STI test.

Depending on the STI, different types of tests can be used for screening and diagnosis:

• Physical Examination of the Genitals
• Local sampling or cultures
• Blood test

Screening for STIs is possible in several settings:

• Public or private laboratories
• Free Information, Screening and Diagnostic Centers (IFSDC)

CeGIDDs are made up of anonymous and free screening centers (CDAGs) and information, screening and diagnosis centers for STIs (CIDDISTs).

Who is involved?

Pregnant women and children are particularly affected by lead poisoning.

Lead is breathed in, swallowed, or transferred across the placenta in a pregnant woman.

Lead enters the body through the respiratory and digestive tracts and has harmful effects, especially in children. It can cause reversible disorders (anemia, digestive disorders), but also irreversible (mental and/or psychomotor retardation) when the nervous system is affected.

Source of lead

Lead is present in housing built before 1949. The paints used at the time contain lead. Humidity promotes the degradation of these paints and the spread of lead.

Screening

If you have risk factors for lead exposure, please talk to your treating doctor, who will offer you screening by blood lead level.

This screening is done at 100% social security for children (0-18 years) and pregnant women.

Where and how to get tested?

Osteodensitometry is the test used to measure bone mineral density. This measurement is done on two parts of the body: the spine and the neck of the femur.

The bone is exposed to a very small amount of X-rays, the denser it is, the more X-rays it absorbs.

This test is done in an x-ray office.

Supporting Conditions